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Tunnelling machinery

The mechanical equipment for directly crushing ore and rock into roadways or wells by using the axial pressure and rotary force of the cutter to roll the rock surface. The cutter used includes disc hob, wedge gear hob, ball gear hob and milling cutter. According to the different roadways, it can be divided into raise drilling machine, shaft drilling machine and drift boring machine. ① The raise drill is specially used to drill the raise and pass. Generally, it is not necessary to enter the raise for operation. The guide hole is drilled with a cone bit first, and the reamer consisting of a disc hob is used to expand the hole upward. ② The vertical drilling rig is specially used for drilling a well at one time, which is composed of drilling tool system, rotary device, derrick, drilling tool lifting system and mud circulating system. ③ The drift digger is a comprehensive mechanized equipment that combines mechanical rock breaking with slag removal and other processes and continuously excavates. It is mainly used for engineering tunnels in coal roadways and soft mines, and for the middle drift excavation of ore rocks with medium hardness or above.

Drilling machine

Drilling machines are divided into rock drills and drilling rigs. Drilling rigs can also be divided into open-air drilling rigs and underground drilling rigs. ① Rock drill: It is used to drill holes with a diameter of 20~100mm and a depth of less than 20m in medium hard rocks. According to its power, it can be divided into pneumatic, internal combustion, hydraulic and electric rock drills, among which pneumatic rock drills are widely used. ② Open pit drilling rig: according to different working mechanisms for crushing ore and rock, it can be divided into wire rope percussion drilling rig, down-hole drilling rig, rotary drilling rig and rotary drilling rig. The wire rope percussion drill has been gradually replaced by other drills due to its low efficiency. ③ Underground drilling machine: when drilling the underground blast hole with the hole diameter less than 150 mm, a small diameter down the hole drill of 80~150 mm can be used in addition to the rock drill.

Mining machinery

Mining machinery The mining machinery used for underground and open pit mining includes: drilling machinery for drilling blast holes; Mining machinery and loading and unloading machinery for mining and loading ore and rock; Driving machinery for drilling raise, shaft and drift.

Mining machinery

Mining machinery is the mechanical equipment used for directly mining useful minerals and mining preparation, including: mining machinery for mining metal ores and non-metallic ores; Coal mining machinery for coal mining; Oil drilling and production machinery for oil exploitation. The yi pneumatic disc shearer was designed by British engineer Walker and was successfully manufactured in about 1868. In the 1880s, hundreds of oil wells in the United States were successfully drilled with steam powered percussion drills. In 1907, a rotary drill was used to drill oil wells and natural gas wells, and since 1937, it has been used for open pit drilling. With the progress of technology, a new type of hydraulic fracturing technology is gradually facing the market. Hydraulic fracturing is also called water fracturing. The technology of water fracturing rock and concrete is a new technology of non blasting broken rock mass, rock block and concrete structure (component). It is a kind of engineering equipment that uses the huge expansion force generated by the work of pressure energy to separate the rock block from the rock mass or reduce the fragmentation by filling the tubular sealed elastic expander inserted into the borehole with high-pressure water.

Mechanical classification

Crushing equipment Crushing equipment is the mechanical equipment used for crushing minerals. Crushing operations are often divided into coarse crushing, medium crushing and fine crushing according to the size of feeding and discharging particle sizes. Commonly used sand and gravel equipment include jaw crusher, impact crusher, impact crusher, compound crusher, single section hammer crusher, vertical crusher, rotary crusher, cone crusher, roll crusher, double roll crusher, two in one crusher, primary forming crusher, etc. It is generally divided into six categories according to the crushing mode and the structural characteristics (action principle) of machinery. (1) Jaw crusher (slot). The crushing action is to press the movable jaw against the fixed jaw periodically, crushing the ore blocks sandwiched in it. (2) Cone crusher. The ore block is located between the inner cone and the outer cone. The outer cone is fixed, and the inner cone swings eccentrically to crush or break the ore block sandwiched in it. (3) Roller crusher. The ore block in the gap between two opposite rotating round rolls is mainly subjected to continuous crushing, but also has the effect of grinding and stripping, and the tooth shaped roll surface also has the effect of splitting. (4) Impact crusher. The ore block is broken by the impact of fast rotating moving parts. Belonging to this category can be divided into: hammer crusher; Cage crusher; Counterattack crusher. (5) Mill. The ore is crushed by the impact and grinding of grinding medium (steel ball, steel rod, gravel or ore block) in the rotating cylinder. (6) Other types of crushing mills.